International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, 2013, 2, 4, 113-120.
Published: December 2013
Type: Research Article
Authors: Sumy George, Leelavathi D Acharya, Ravindra Prabhu A, and Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy
Author(s) affiliations:
Sumy George1, Leelavathi D Acharya2*, Ravindra Prabhu A3, Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy2
1Post graduate, 2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Manipal University, India.
3Professor, Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, India.
Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases are emerging as one of the leading cause of death nowadays. Among them, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing because of the increased incidence of diabetes and hypertension which are the main cause of CKD. The rate of progression of CKD to end stage renal disease (ESRD) can be reduced by the early detection and management of risk factors and complications associated with it. The present study aims to study the complications, treatment pattern and associated outcome in hospitalized CKD patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from October 2012 to March 2013 in the nephrology unit of Kasturba hospital, Manipal. Adult patients (> 18 years old) who were diagnosed with CKD were included. Patient demographics, clinical, pharmacological management and laboratory data were collected in a specially designed form for this study purpose. Demography of the patients, complications and medications used for the management etc. were documented and evaluated using SPSS version 16.0. Results: 312 CKD patients were included in the study.. Maximum number of patients was in the age group of 46-60 years and study showed male predominance (77.6%). Anemia was the most observed complication in the study population ( 81.7 %). Monotherapy or combinations of drugs like nebulisation albuterol, insulin with glucose and sodium polystyrene sulfonate was used for the management of hyperkalemia. Anemia is managed by oral and parenteral iron products, erythropoietin and by blood transfusions. Average length of hospital stay was found to be 7.34 ± 4.89 days. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, serum urea, serum sodium and serum potassium had improved significantly (p < 0.001) from the base line. Total serum calcium was also improved after treatment. Conclusion: Present study highlights the complications, treatment pattern and outcomes in CKD patients from a tertiary care hospital in South India which may help in targeting the major causes of CKD and treatment pattern for the renal failure population. Early identification of patients who are at risk and strategies to decrease the rate of progression of CKD will help to reduce the prevalence and mortality associated with CKD in future.