@article {102, title = {Efficacy of Second Line Anti-retroviral Therapy among HIV/AIDS Patients in South India: A Prospective Observational Study}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {September 2016}, pages = {73-76}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {73}, abstract = {

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because of treatment failure with first line ART, Roughly 4\% of total patients on ART are on second line therapy. Second line ART is being instituted in 10 Centers of excellence in India, Gandhi hospital being one of them in south India. Objective: To detect efficacy of second line Anti-Retroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This prospective and observational study of 20 months was done in south Indian tertiary hospital. HIV/AIDS patients receiving second line Anti-Retroviral therapy (ART) due to failure of first line drugs were assessed for viral load and CD4 count before and after therapy and analyzed the same by Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis by Dunnet{\textquoteright}s multiple comparison test, respectively. Results: Total One hundred and sixteen patients received second line ART. Mean viral load was 2, 31280 {\textpm} 50913 copies per milliliter and mean CD4 count was 75.03 {\textpm} 10.69 cells per cubic millimeter before treatment. After initiation of second line ART, Viral load reduced significantly to 1846 {\textpm} 621.4 (p\<0.001) and 260.4 {\textpm} 183.7 (p\<0.001) after six and twelve months of treatment, respectively and CD4 count increased significantly 181.8 {\textpm} 14.34 (p\<0.001) and 235.7 {\textpm} 14.56 (p\<0.001) after six and twelve months of treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Second line ART regimens are efficacious regimens as they improved CD4 counts and reduced viral load significantly.

}, keywords = {CD4 counts, HIV/AIDS, Second line anti-retroviral, Viral load}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.5.3.2}, author = {Naveen Pokala and Maulik Patel} } @article {115, title = {Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Aqueous Extract of Andrographis paniculata in Wistar Rats}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {113-11}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {113}, abstract = {

Background: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into six groups with six rats in each group. First group was taken as control, and received 0.9\% normal saline 10 ml/kg body weight orally. Second group was taken as CCl4 control group and treated with normal saline (10 ml/ kg, p.o.) and CCl4: olive oil (1:1, 2 ml/ kg, i.p. on 2, 5 and 8th day) daily for 20 day. The third group rats was treated with Liv 52- 100 mg/kg orally and CCl4: olive oil (1:1, 2 ml/ kg, i.p. on 2, 5 and 8th day) for 20 days .The fourth and fifth groups were taken as test groups and they received crude extract of Andrographis paniculata orally once daily for 20 days at the dosage of 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. CCl4: olive oil was given i.p on 2, 5 and 8th day. On the 21st day, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture method. The blood samples were used to estimate biochemical parameters like serum SGOT,SGPT, ALT, bilirubin and cholisterol and the liver was preserved for histopathological examination. Results: It was found that the Andrographis paniculata exhibited moderate protective effect by lowering the serum levels of SGOT,SGPT,ALT, bilirubin and cholisterol (P\<0.001). Histology of liver section of animal treated with the extracts showed the hepatic cell regeneration. Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata has dose dependant hepatoprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Andrographis paniculata, Carbon Tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective Activity, Herbals, Liver disease}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.5.4.4}, author = {Naveen Alasyam and Venkatanarayana Narapogu and Premendran John and Shaik Ubedulla and Naveen Pokala} }