@article {298, title = {Public{\textquoteright}s Experiences and Expectations of Pharmacists during Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {60-69}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Goal: To elucidate the public{\textquoteright} experiences and expectations of pharmacists during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is three cross-sectional of convenient sampling and calculated number of the subject with power eighty. It was a self-reported electronic survey for the population in the King of Saudi Arabia. It encompassed all citizens who lived in Saudi with the age of more than 18 years and above. The survey entailed of the demographic data patients actual experiences of pharmacists during COVID-19 and patients actual expectations of pharmacists during any other pandemic situation. Survey monkey, Microsoft Excel, and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) were used for the analysis. Results: The total number of responding pharmacists was 461. Of those, 440 (95.44\%) were Saudi, and 344 (74.62\%) were female, with statistical significance between nationality or gender answers (p\<0.001). Almost two-thirds of the responders had bachelor{\textquoteright}s degrees 319 (69.20\%) with statistically noteworthy between among all academic qualifications (p\<0.001). Most of the responders were non-healthcare professionals 338 (74.45\%), and physicians and nurses representative high percentages 37 (35.92\%) and 31 (30.10\%), respectively, with statistically significant among the remaining answers (p\<0.001). The total average scores of patients{\textquoteright} actual experiences of pharmacists during COVID-19 were 3.41. The high scores element was pharmacists routinely counsel me regarding the safe and appropriate use of my medications (3.79), and the pharmacist implemented the MOH covid-19 instructions and guidelines (3.77). The total average scores of patients actual expectations of pharmacists during any other pandemic situation were 3.71 with high scores element was the pharmacist expand their services and will most of my medications request by online and mobile application (3.88) and the pharmacist applied software applications for education for drugs and any pandemic (3.86). Conclusion: The public{\textquoteright} experiences and expectations of pharmacist during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia is very optimistic. Therefore, targeting education, training, declaring the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s role during pandemic situations, emergency public health emphasizing therapeutic guidelines and preventing drug-related problems is highly proposed for implementations in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Expectations, Experiences, Pharmacists, Public, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.10}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Dona Abdullah Alajmah and Shatha Alhassan Alnami} } @article {297, title = {Public{\textquoteright}s Perception of Pharmacy Services during Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {102-110}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {102}, abstract = {

Goal: To exemplify the public{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacy services during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is three cross-sectional of convenient sampling and calculated number of the subject with power eighty. It was a self-reported electronic survey for the population in the King of Saudi Arabia. It encompassed all citizens who lived in Saudi with age more than 18 years and above. The survey contained of the demographic data patient{\textquoteright}s perception of medication delivery service during COVID-19. Besides, the patient{\textquoteright}s experiences of drug information inquiries were linked with the pharmacist during COVID-19. Survey monkey, Microsoft Excel, and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) were used in this study. Results: The total number of responding pharmacists was 461. Of those, 440 (95.44\%) were Saudi, and 344 (74.62\%) were female, with statistical significance between nationality or gender answers (p\<0.001). Almost two-thirds of the responders had bachelor{\textquoteright}s degrees 319 (69.20\%) with statistically noteworthy between among all academic qualifications (p\<0.001). Most of the responders were non-healthcare professionals 338 (74.45\%), and physicians and nurses illustrative high percentages 37 (35.92\%) and 31 (30.10\%), respectively, with statistically significant among the remaining answers (p\<0.001). The total average scores of patient{\textquoteright}s perception of medication delivery service during COVID-19 were 2.50. The high scores element was answering drug information inquiries (3.30), medications home delivery (2.80), and requesting medications through a mobile application (2.78). The total average scores of patient{\textquoteright}s experiences of drug information inquiries communicated with a pharmacist during COVID-19 were 2.76 with high scores element was the drug administration inquiries (3.37). In addition, dosage/ schedule inquiries (3.29) and Pharmacoeconomics/medications cost inquiries (3.18) were also entailed. Conclusion: The public{\textquoteright}s perception of medication delivery service and experiences of drug information inquiries transferred with the pharmacist during COVID-19 was not optimum. Therefore, targeting a strategic plan of hospital and community pharmacy services during pandemic situations is highly suggested. In addition, further studies of hospital and community pharmacy services individually during a pandemic or emergency public health are mandatory in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Perception, Pharmacy, Public, Saudi Arabia, Services}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.15}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Dona Abdullah Alajmah and Shatha Alhassan Alnami} } @article {280, title = {Role of Pharmacist in the epidemic, pandemic, and emergency public health with an emphasis on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Scie}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {1-5}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the role of Pharmacist in an epidemic, pandemic, and emergency public health with an emphasis on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Methods: It is a new initiative services drove by national and international infection control, epidemic, pandemic, and medicine disaster guidelines. The projects formulated the latest project from pharmacy project guidelines, the international business model, and project management institution guidelines. Project management professionals steps write the initiative project. It consisted of several parts, including the initial phase, the planning phase, the execution phase, and the monitoring and controlling phase. Results: The Role of Pharmacists in the epidemic, pandemic, and emergency public health emphasizes COVID-19 with a defined vision, mission, and aims. The services had multiple benefits, including clinical and economical on patients, as illustrated in the review. The continuity of the project is assured by the risk management model description. Besides, the monitoring and controlling of the services as declared. The transition to operation project through the closing project stage is explored in the analysis. Conclusion: The Role of Pharmacists in the epidemic, pandemic, and emergency public health emphasizing COVID-19 is essential and beneficial. The Pharmacist might contribute to the infection control at the pharmacy and healthcare system, provide enough supply from medications, and be involved in public health education about epidemic or pandemic management; it is highly suggested to implement other counties in Saudi Arabia the world.

}, keywords = {Disaster, Emergency, Epidemic, Pandemic, Pharmacist, Public health, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.1}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah} } @article {318, title = {A Strategic Plan for Pharmaceutical Companies: A New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {169-175}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {169}, abstract = {

Objectives: The manufactures pharmaceutical care strategic plan was created to align with Saudi Vision 2030. The purpose of this topic is to declare the strategic plan of pharmaceutical companies{\textquoteright} services as a new initiative in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This new project is driven by local and international pharmaceutical care strategic plan. It was formulated from the international business model, guidelines of pharmacy projects, and management institution guidelines for the new project. This initiative is drafted by project management professionals and consists of several stages from the initial to planning phases, execution, monitoring and controlling stages. Results: Pharmaceutical manufacturers{\textquoteright} strategic plans included several fundamental elements of a pharmaceutical company{\textquoteright}s strategic plan, such as a defined vision, mission, and goals. The strategic plan had five goals, twelve initiatives, and 75 objectives. Furthermore, the risk management model description ensures the project{\textquoteright}s continuation. Besides, the monitoring and control of the services were declared. Finally, the analysis investigates the transition to operation project through the closing project stage. Conclusion: The pharmaceutical companies{\textquoteright} strategic plan is a new initiative that is part of the pharmacy strategic plan with Saudi Vision 2030. Pharmaceutical firms require a clear vision and policy, as well as a long-term partnership. Pharmaceutical care and manufacturer gatherings may play an important role in developing an appropriate pharmacy career plan focusing on patient care to achieve optimal drug therapy management and prevent drug-related misadventures and also avoid unnecessary costs.

}, keywords = {Initiative, Pharmaceutical Companies, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, Services.}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.23}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana and Amal Hassan Al-Najjar and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah} } @article {237, title = {National Survey of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee in Saudi Arabia: Formulary Management System}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {December 2019}, pages = {227-231}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {227}, abstract = {

Objective: Formulary management is an integrated patient care process which enables physicians, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to work together to promote clinically sound cost-effective medication therapy and positive therapeutic outcomes. Effective use of healthcare resources can minimize overall medical costs, improve patient access to more affordable care and provide an improved quality of life. A formulary not only includes a list of medications and medication-associated products but also includes medication-use policies, important ancillary drug information, decision support tools and organizational guidelines. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to provide the guiding principles for the Formulary Management System at Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part collected demographic information and the second part contained 93 questions divided into four domains. The scope, structure and responsibilities, the formulary management system, the evaluation of drug formulary and decision-making and the committee meetings organization and management. The electronic survey was distributed to 50 drug information centers at MOH hospitals. It analyzed the formulary management system at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia through Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 50 drug information centers responded to our questionnaire. The statement with highest score was related to the committee formulary system of medications usage through ensuring the safety of prescribing, distribution, administration and monitoring of medications (3.8); the process for managing drug product shortages (3.76); and the medications are requested for the addition or deletion from the drug formulary (3.68). Most of the hospitals had an open drug formulary (30 (60\%)), with remaining responders having closed drug formulary (20 (40\%)) with the total number of medications in the drug formulary (300{\textendash}899) at 32 (64\%) of the responded hospitals. The average score of type of method related to drug usage evaluation statements was 3.36, with the statement with high average score was review of medication error report (3.94) and review of medication sentinel incident reports (3.48), whereas the statement with lowest score was an investigational drug therapy approved (2.88). Conclusion: Two-thirds of the hospitals had open drug formulary. Drug utilization evaluation system should review for the majority of the hospital. update the formulary management system required with close monitoring for all MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Formulary Management System, Ministry of Health, National Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.50}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rasha Abdelsalam Elshenawy and Faiz A Bahadig Rph} } @article {235, title = {National Survey of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee in Saudi Arabia: Evaluation of Drug Formulary and Decision-Making}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {December 2019}, pages = {232-236}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {232}, abstract = {

Objective: Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia should develop, organize and administer a formulary system that follows the principles to optimize patient care by ensuring access to clinically appropriate, safe and cost-effective medications. This can be achieved through the Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee{\textquoteright}s (PTC) role in the evaluation of hospital{\textquoteright}s drug formulary and decision-making. The primary purposes of the PTC are policy development, communication and education and formulary management. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the hospital drug formulary evaluation and decision-making at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey of PTC at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part collected demographic information and the second part consisted on 93 questions divided into four domains. An electronic survey was distributed to all drug information centers at MOH hospitals and analyzed the evaluation of drug formulary and decision-making through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 50 drug information centers responded to the questionnaire (100\%). Restricted drug usage (3.88), new drug entities (3.74), new dosage form (3.6) and new strength (3.6) were the majority of the requests for inclusion in the formulary. A total of 1-3 medications were evaluated monthly by the PTC at 41 (82\%) hospitals. Most of the healthcare providers were allowed to request for the addition or deletion of medications: PTC members 38 (76\%), attending medical staff 35 (70\%), pharmacy staff 10 (20\%) and formulary subcommittees 10 (20\%). The formal economic analysis of the drug formulary revision was rarely or never conducted at 26 (42\%) hospitals. The responsible person for the economic evaluation was drug information pharmacist (21 (42\%)), pharmacy department (nonspecific) (17 (34\%)) and the pharmacy and medical department (14 (28\%)). Conclusion: Evaluation of hospital{\textquoteright}s drug formulary and decision-making was not adequate at the majority of the hospitals. Education and training about drug evaluation with an emphasis on cost analysis and impact are mandatory. An electronic addition new medications with close formulary is required with close monitoring for all MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Decision-Making, Drug Formulary, Evaluation, Ministry of Health, National Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.51}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rasha Abdelsalam Elshenawy and Faiz A Bahadig Rph} } @article {236, title = {National Survey of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee in Saudi Arabia: Meetings, Organization, and Management}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {December 2019}, pages = {237-241}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {237}, abstract = {

Objective: Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is required for the effective running of a hospital. In the beginning, there was no such concept of drug committee, but with the advent of time, the need for an effective PTC started increasing. In the PTC, the pharmacist, physicians and nurses play an important role, in addition to the presence of an administrative. This study aims to explore the importance of having effective meetings organization and management of PTC at Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to explore the meetings organization and management of PTC at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional national survey of PTC at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part collected demographic information and the second part consisted of 93 questions divided into four domains: Domain 1: the scope, structure and responsibilities; domain 2: the formulary management system; domain 3: evaluation of drug formulary and decision-making; and domain 4: organization and management of committee meetings. This questionnaire was prepared in an electronic format and was distributed all drug information centers at MOH hospitals. It analyzed organization and management of committee meetings through Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 50 drug information centers responded to the questionnaire (100\% response rate). The person leads the discussion in PTC was a Chairman of the Committee (29 (58\%)), Chief of Pharmacy (13 (26\%)) and Director of Drug Information (3 (6\%)). The number of scheduled meetings per year (1{\textendash}4) was 18 (36\%) per hospital with a duration (1-2 hrs) at 48 (96\%). Most of discussions were related to medications of infectious diseases (26 (52\%)) and cardiovascular diseases (21 (42\%)). Most of the challenging recommendations that needed implementation was a lack of resources (37 (74\%)), lack of hospital administrator support (23 (46\%)) and lack of pharmacist role (18 (36\%)). Conclusion: The PTC is a demanding scientific resource and administrative support. Total quality management system, workload analysis, positive outcomes of PTC were lacking. Special education and training needs to be provided to all the healthcare providers with hospital administrator{\textquoteright}s support.

}, keywords = {Meetings, Ministry of Health, National Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee, Organization and Management, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.52}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rasha Abdelsalam Elshenawy and Faiz A Bahadig Rph} } @article {215, title = {National Survey of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committees in Saudi Arabia: Scope, Structure and Responsibilities}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {December 2019}, pages = {222-226}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {222}, abstract = {

Objectives: The Pharmacy and Therapeutics (PTC) committee, sometimes aptly named the Formulary Committee. PTC is charged with determining the hospital formulary, decisions are made about the inclusion or exclusion of new pharmacotherapeutic and diagnostic agents for inpatients and outpatients. This committee is typically composed of a multidisciplinary team of pharmacy, physician, nursing and hospital clinical and administrative leadership. The aim of the study was to explore the Therapeutic Committee at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia: scope, structure and responsibilities. Methods: It is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of National Survey of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of 93 questions divided in two parts: the first part collects the demographic information, the second part contains questions on 4 domains: (1) scope, structure and responsibilities, that is including questions about the pharmacy and therapeutic committee membership, clear mission, vision and values of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee, the responsibilities of the PTC committee and the Sub-committees of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee, (2) formulary management system, (3) evaluation of drug formulary and decision-making, (4) committee meetings organization and management. The survey was distributed to the fifty-drug information centers at Ministry of Health hospitals. The survey was in an electronic format with analyzed scope, structure and responsibilities through the survey monkey system. Results: The total number responders were fifty drug information centers. Of those, 48 (96\%) was Saudi and 2 (4\%) was non-Saudi. There were 16 (32\%) females and 34 (68\%) were males. Most of the PTC committee members consisted of a chief of pharmacy department 45 (90\%), medical director 41 (82\%), physician medical 40 (80\%) and head of drug information center 32 (64\%). The highest score statements related to committee were the functions of PTC (3.78), objectives (3.61), mission (3.57), with least one was a vision (3.56) and values (3.5). The most responsibility scoring statement was distributed the addition and deletion (4.08), all the departments receive the copy of the revised formulary (4.04), drug evaluation and selection for the hospital was (3.9), drug policy development was (3.9), while the lowest scores were Holds educational programs within the hospital (3.25) and drug monitoring system was (3.57). Most of the subcommittee existed antibiotic committee 38 (76\%), medication safety committee 38 (76\%), followed by drug utilization committee 9 (18\%) and therapeutic guidelines committee 9 (18\%). Conclusion: One-third of hospital missed drug information center pharmacist as the member of PTC committee and the pharmacy qualifications of committee members need to improve. Update the committee system and close monitoring required for all MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Ministry of Health, National, Responsibilities, Saudi Arabia, Scope, Structure}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.49}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rasha Abdelsalam Elshenawy and Faiz A Bahadig Rph} } @article {61, title = {National Survey of the Pharmacokinetics Services at the Ministry of Health Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: Drug Therapy Monitoring and Healthcare Professional Education}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {June 2019}, pages = {99-104}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {99}, abstract = {

Objectives: A clinical pharmacist offers vital support in the expansion of a final prescription with improved patient management and enhanced safety. The aim of the current study to explore the Pharmacokinetics services at Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia with an emphasis on drug therapy monitoring and patient{\textquoteright}s education. Methods: This is a 2-months cross-sectional national survey related to the Pharmacokinetics services with a focus on drug therapy monitoring and education of pharmacist at MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of two parts; the first part captures demographic information and the second part contained 43 questions designed by the authors. It was derived from American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines and from the literature. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants; there were close-ended questions. The electronic questionnaire was distributed to all the coordinators of the clinical pharmacy services or to the drug information centers at MOH hospitals. All analysis was done through survey monkey system. Results: A total of 43 hospital pharmacies returned the survey, for a response rate of 86\%. The most clinical pharmacokinetics services documented were drug quality reporting 34 (87.18\%), drug information inquiries 35 (83.33\%), adverse drug reaction 35 (81.40\%) and medication error 35 (81.40\%). Highest clinical impact and cost avoidance of clinical Pharmacokinetics services were drug information inquiries 25 (60.98\%), the drug quality reporting system 21 (53.85\%) and pharmacist intervention 21 (52.5\%). Analysis of monthly workload for clinical Pharmacokinetics services were a number of drug information inquiries 28 (70\%) and the number of prescriptions needs 25 (64.1\%). The clinical Pharmacokinetics services education and training for pharmacists were found at average 7.8 (20.89\%) hospitals with high percentages type of educations was short education course 1-5 days [15 (39.47\%)] and long training course 4-5 weeks [8 (21.05\%)]. While Pharmacokinetics services education and training for healthcare provider were found at main 6 (15.66\%) hospitals only with high percentages type of educations was short education course 1-5 days [8 (20.00\%)] and Pharmacokinetics competencies 7 (18.92\%). Conclusion: Pharmacokinetics services on drug therapy monitoring was not competent at half MOH hospital, while only few of the hospitals had pharmacokinetics education and training to offer. Implementing the MOH pharmacokinetics services strategy with an emphasis on the drug therapy monitoring with education and training is required at all MOH hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Education, Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Monitoring, Pharmacokinetics Services, Saudi Arabia, Therapy}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.17}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Rasha Abdelsalam Elshenawy and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah} }