@article {339, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Pharmacy Services in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {112-121}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {112}, abstract = {

Objectives: To demonstrate the Pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perception of CPR pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed the perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pharmacy service in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists, The Perception of pharmacists about a CPR pharmacy service, and barriers, which factors may affecting implementing a CPR pharmacy service. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were carried out with the study. The data analysis of the perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pharmacy service is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16 were implemented. Results: A total number of 439 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than onethird responded from the Central region (122 (31.69\%)), one Quarter responded from the Eastern part (91 (23.64\%)), and one-fifth responded from the southern region (79 (20.52\%)). Males responded more than females (203 (53.14\%)) versus 179 (46.86\%)), with statistically non-significant differences between all levels (p=0.219). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (152 (39.48\%)) and 46-55 years (134 (34.81\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of pharmacists had training courses in Basic Life Support (BLS) (293 ((77.11\%)), Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (289 ((76.05\%)), Pediatric Cardiac Life Support (PCLS) (287((75.53\%)), and Neonatal Cardiac Life Support (NCLS) (203 ((53.42\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about the CPR pharmacy service was (4.32). The element {\textquotedblleft}Pharmacist participation in CPR code led to positive changes{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (4.50). The pharmacists believe that The hospital promotes itself as an organization that pharmacist responds to CPR codes and other emergency-related issues (4.50). The average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Factors affected to prevent you to shares in the CPR codes{\textquotedblright} was (3.95). The highest score for the component {\textquotedblleft}Competency/ Clinical knowledge{\textquotedblright} was (3.38). The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Shortage of pharmacy staff{\textquotedblright} was (4.41), and level of clinical knowledge makes it difficult to decide whether or not the Pharmacist participates in the CPR team {\textquotedblleft}was (4.39). Followed the element {\textquotedblleft}Uncertain association between the CPR medications and occurrences of Medication Errors (MEs) during CPR code{\textquotedblright} was (4.34), and the element {\textquotedblleft}Fear of legal liability{\textquotedblright} was (4.34). Conclusion: The pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perception of CPR code services is appropriate. Eliminating obstacles to CPR services implementation during undergraduate and postgraduate studies is required. The pharmacist{\textquoteright}s role needs to clarify, and periodic education and training are highly critical in pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Perception, Pharmacists, Pharmacy Services.}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.18}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Wafa Hussain Alshehre and Rola AL Kenani and Samah Mukhlef Alzaid and Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani} } @article {346, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Pharmacy Health Insurances Services in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {173-184}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {173}, abstract = {

Objectives: To demonstrate the Perception of Pharmacist about Pharmacy Health Insurances Services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a crosssectional survey discussing Pharmacists{\textquoteright} Perceptions of Pharmacy Health Insurances Services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists, perception of pharmacists about health insurance, barriers, which factors may Discourage you from implementing health insurance medications, recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of high-risk medicines, and medications health insurance responsibility. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Perception of Pharmacist about Health Insurances in pharmacy practice is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 398 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (137 (34.51\%)), and one Quarter responded from the western part (109 (27.46\%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (239 (60.35\%)) versus 157 (39.65\%)), with statstically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (271 (68.26\%)) and 31-35 years (56 (14.11\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (300 (75.76\%)) and pharmacy supervisors (43 (10.86\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Almost one-half of pharmacists currently have health insurance coverage (239 ((60.05\%)) with equal or less than one year (108 ((42.52\%)), or 2-3 years (81 ((31.89\%)), have you been associated with your current insurance provider with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about health insurance was (3.62). The element {\textquotedblleft}The participation of pharmacists in Heath insurance system should be mandatory {\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (3.81). The aspect {\textquotedblleft}The Heath insurance pharmacist can analyze the consumption of the medication at healthcare institutions{\textquotedblright} was (3.75). The average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}factors may Discourage you from implementing Health insurance at pharmacy practice{\textquotedblright} was (3.27). The score for the component {\textquotedblleft}The health insurance pharmacist was Not taught properly in pharmacy Schools {\textquotedblright} was (3.59). The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Lack of Periodic training of pharmacy staff about the role of health insurance pharmacist {\textquotedblright} was (3.57). Most staff responsible for medications and health insurance was Heath insurance Pharmacist (3.65) more than Heath insurance Doctors (2.90) or accountant (2.70), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p\<0.001). The recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of pharmacist health insurance were {\textquotedblleft}Increase number of Heath insurance pharmacist staff {\textquotedblleft} 258 (69.07\%) and {\textquotedblleft}Implement of Heath insurance pharmacist at healthcare institutions{\textquotedblright} 252 (64.95\%). Conclusion: The Perception of Pharmacists about Health Insurance in pharmacy practice is appropriate. The pharmacy insurance system demands administrative support. Removing the obstacles and increasing pharmacy staff in health insurance organizations are highly recommended in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {about Pharmacy, Health Insurances, Perception, Pharmacists, Services Saudi Arabia.}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.24}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Shaimaa O Ahmadeen and Maha Hussein Almadany and Mohammad Abdullah Alghamdi and Atheer Fahad Al-Aqile} } @article {344, title = {Perception of Pharmacists About the High-Risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {151-160}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {151}, abstract = {

Objectives: To demonstrate the perception of pharmacists about the High-Risk/ Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the perception of pharmacists about High-Risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists and The Perception of High-Risk/Alert Medications, barriers, which factors may Discourage you from implementing High-Risk/Alert medications, and recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of High-Risk/Alert medicines. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6, were done with the study. In addition, the data analysis of the Perception of Pharmacists About the High-Risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40\%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92\%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59\%)) versus 179 (40.41\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91\%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75\%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about High-Risk/Alert medications was (3.88). The element {\textquotedblleft}Staff compliance with protocols, guidelines and order sets related to high-alert medications is required{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (4.38). The pharmacists believe that Standard protocols, order sets, and orders express IV and neuraxial high-alert medication infusions/doses are highly recommended (4.36). The average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Factors Discourage you to implement High-Risk/Alert medications{\textquotedblright} was (3.36). The highest score from the component {\textquotedblleft}The High-Risk/Alert medications are of a serious nature{\textquotedblright} was (3.92). The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Lack of Periodic training of pharmacy staff about High-Risk/Alert medications {\textquotedblright} was (3.83), and {\textquotedblleft}Low level of clinical knowledge of High-Risk/Alert medications {\textquotedblleft}was (3.70). The most recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of High-Risk/ Alert medications were the Implementation of an electronic high-alert medications system 385(88.30\%), setup up the therapeutic protocol or guidelines for High-Risk/ Alert medications 347 (79.59\%), and standardizing the prescribing, preparation, dispensing and administration of High-Risk/Alert drugs 345 (79.13\%). Conclusion: The pharmacist attributed High-Risk/Alert medications as appropriate. Therefore, targeting periodic education and training. Besides, improving clinical knowledge and implementing an electronic High-Risk/Alert medications system are highly suggested to improve patient outcomes and avoid drug-related disorders at healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Alert, Drugs., High-risk, Medications, Perception, Pharmacist}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.22}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Mohammad Abdulaziz AL-Tuwaijri and Nouf Saad Al-Saban and Maha Hussein Almadany and Faisal Safouq Alanazi} } @article {283, title = {Attitude and Perception of Physicians towards Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {20-27}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {

Objectives: Spontaneous reporting systems are indispensable as they aid perceive serious unknown adverse drug reaction (ADR). To assess the physician{\textquoteright}s perceptions and attitudes of adverse drug reaction reporting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with an authenticated survey distributed to different physicians and dentists in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered electronic survey involved of demographic data and perception of the ADR reporting system and factor facilitated or prevented reporting system. Results: The total number of participants was 151. Of those, 111 (73.5\%) were physicians, while dentists were 39 (26.5\%). The average score physician{\textquoteright}s perception about the prominence of the ADR reporting system was 4.46, with a statistically noteworthy difference within answers of each component (p\<0.05). The average score of the physician{\textquoteright}s perception of factors that enabled the ADR reporting system was 4.13 with a statistically momentous difference within answers of each component (p\<0.05). The average scores of perception physicians were 3.13, with a statistically significant difference between the responses of each facet (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The physicians{\textquoteright} perception of ADR and related issues was optimistic. The physicians request periodic training of ADR identification and reporting program. The pharmacist plays a perilous responsibility to improve the ADR system with healthcare providers.

}, keywords = {Adverse drug reaction, Attitude, Perception, Physician, Reporting, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.4}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Nouf Hassan Alamoudi and Sabah Alanazi and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi} } @article {287, title = {Dentist{\textquoteright}s Perception of Medication Safety in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {41-46}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {41}, abstract = {

Objectives: The study aims to discover the dentist{\textquoteright}s perceptions of medication safety in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is an analysis of a cross-sectional survey that reconnoitered the dentist{\textquoteright}s medication safety perceptions in Saudi Arabia. It selfreported an electronic survey of dentists, comprising dentists from internship to the consultant, dental specialties in Saudi Arabia. The survey contained respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about dentists and perception of medication safety in dental care. Also, the perception of barriers averts off employment of the medication safety system in dental care. The 5-point Likert response scale system was employed with closed-ended questions. The data analysis of the dentist{\textquoteright}s knowledge of medication safety is finished through the survey monkey system. The statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft excel sheet version 16 were used in the study. Results: The total number of responding dentists was 242, with the majority of them coming from the central region 95 (39.26\%) with statistically momentous among the areas (p\<0.05). Of those, 144 (59.75\%) were male, while 97 (40.25\%) were female, with statistically significant between them (p\<0.05). The average scores of dentist{\textquoteright}s perceptions of medication safety in dental care were 3.99; the dentist{\textquoteright}s high scores component was relaxed to ask for assistance support from colleagues or peers concerning medication safety (4.27). Medications storage with labeling is a vital element of medication safety in dental care (4.26). The average scores of perception of barriers prevent you from instigating medication safety in dental care (3.52). The high scores element was level of clinical knowledge about dental medications safety services (3.98) and lack of periodic training of dental staff dental medications safety services (3.94). The reliability test includes Cronbach alpha (0.933) and McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω (0.920). Conclusion: The dentist{\textquoteright}s perceptions of medication safety were flawless in Saudi Arabia. Periodic education and training medication safety in dental care is obligatory to improve the dental medication safety system and patient outcomes in dental care in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Dentist, Medication, Perception, Safety, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Fouzia Abdul Karim Bukhary and Rahmah Abdulilah Alsinan} } @article {292, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Nuclear Pharmacy Services in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {80-88}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {80}, abstract = {

Goal: In this study, we aimed to explore the nuclear pharmacy perception in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional study including all pharmacists and pharmacy interns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Students were excluded from this study. We distributed the electronic survey to the participants which consisted of two parts. The first part collected demographic information, and the second part collected information of perception of pharmacists about nuclear pharmacy services and reasons preventing nuclear pharmacy services. The responses were obtained through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed via Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software. Results: A total of 235 pharmacists responded to this survey. Of them, 142 (63.96\%) were male and 80 (36.04\%) were female responders, with statistically significant differences between them (p\<0.001). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24{\textendash}30 years (115 (48.94\%)) followed by those in the age group of 31{\textendash}35 years (57 (24.26\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p\<0.001). About two-thirds of the pharmacists had obtained Bachelor{\textquoteright}s degree (149 (63.40\%)) and Diploma in Pharmacy (75 (31.91\%)), with statistically significant differences between the degrees (p\<0.001). The total average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}pharmacist perception of nuclear pharmacy services{\textquotedblright} was 3.54. We obtained high scores for the element {\textquotedblleft}nuclear pharmacy required to complete the drug therapy for cancer patients{\textquotedblright} (3.77) followed by the element {\textquotedblleft}nuclear pharmacy should be mandatory{\textquotedblright} (3.75). The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}under-working in nuclear pharmacy in the healthcare institutions{\textquotedblright} (3.74). The total average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}barriers prevent the implementation of nuclear pharmacy services{\textquotedblright} was 3.54 with high score obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}lack of periodic training of pharmacy staff about nuclear pharmacy{\textquotedblright} (3.81). The most recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of nuclear pharmacy was implemented nuclear pharmacy residency program (170 (72.65\%)). Moreover, set up the therapeutic protocol or guidelines for nuclear pharmacy (147 (62.82\%)). Conclusion: The perception of pharmacists about nuclear pharmacy services was acceptable. The nuclear pharmacy system demands workforces, nuclear management guidelines, and implementation of nuclear pharmacy residency program. We highly recommend to resolve all nuclear pharmacy challenges in order to improve healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Nuclear, Perception, Pharmacist, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ali Taer Al-Asmri and Mohammed Abdulaziz Ayoub Asiri and Abdulaziz Saleh Alnabbah} } @article {317, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Pharmacy Infection Control in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {160-168}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {160}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the perception of pharmacists about pharmacy infection control in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this crosssectional study, we aimed to explore the perception of pharmacists about pharmacy infection control in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists from interns to consultants and specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders and their perception of pharmacy infection control. In addition, we analyzed the barriers that prevent the implementation of pharmacy infection control in pharmacy practice. We used a 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed with the use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software. Results: A total of 435 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, 212 (48.96\%) were female, and 221 (51.04\%) were male responders, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (p=0.665). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24{\textendash}30 years (151 (34.87\%)) and 36{\textendash}40 years (101 (23.33\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of responders held Bachelor in Pharmacy degree (281 (64.75\%)) and Master in Pharmacy degree (94 (21.66\%)), and Diploma in Pharmacy (90 (20.74\%)). The average score of physician perceptions of pharmacy infection control was 3.47. Furthermore, high scores were obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}the system in my healthcare institution including policies and procedures related to pharmacy infection control is good at minimizing the occurrence of infection-related problems inside or outside pharmacy{\textquotedblright} (3.96) and {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacy infection control implementation has led to positive changes for patients and healthcare institution{\textquotedblright} (3.83). The average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}perceptions of barriers that prevent you from implementing pharmacy infection control{\textquotedblright} was 3.39. In addition, high scores were obtained for the elements {\textquotedblleft}Level of clinical knowledge of pharmacy infection control{\textquotedblright} (4.10) and {\textquotedblleft}Uncertain association between the pharmacy infection control and the drug-related infection{\textquotedblright} (3.65). The scores for single-test reliability analysis for McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω was 0.838, Cronbach{\textquoteright}s α was0.837, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2 was 0.849, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 was 0.910, and Greater Lower Bound was 0.960. Conclusion: The perception of pharmacy infection control in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was found to be satisfactory. Therefore, we need to implement and provide periodic education and training in pharmacy infection control in Saudi Arabia to improve the perception.

}, keywords = {Control, Infection, Perception, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia.}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.22}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ghudair Tashan Alanazi and Hussa Mubarak Muwainea and Razan Alshehri} } @article {300, title = {Pharmacist{\textquoteright}s Perception of Forensic Pharmacy Services}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {120-128}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {120}, abstract = {

Goal: To illuminate the pharmacist perception of forensic pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is cross-sectional of convenient sampling and planned number of the subject with power eighty. An electronic survey was dispersed to the pharmacist and pharmacy intern, excluding pharmacy students and other healthcare professionals. The survey entailed of demographic data, pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perception of forensic pharmacy, and barriers preventing implementation of forensic pharmacy. Survey monkey, Microsoft Excel, and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) were used in this study. Results: The total number of responding pharmacists was 402. Of those, 198 (49.75\%) were male, while 200 (50.25\%) were female, with statistical significance between them (p\<0.001). Almost three-quarters of the pharmacists had bachelor{\textquoteright}s degrees 303 (75.56\%), with statistically momentous among all pharmaceutical degrees (p\<0.001). The total average scores of pharmacist perception of forensic pharmacy services were (3.93). The high scores element was under-working in forensic pharmacy in the healthcare institutions (4.15). On the contrary, the lowest score medical staff feel like their mistakes are held against them when an event is stated (3.35). The total average scores of barriers prevent the implementation of forensic pharmacy services were (3.41) with high scores element was lack of periodic training of pharmacy staff about forensic pharmacy (4.13). At the same time, the lowest score aspect of forensic pharmacy was the pharmacist shred in forensic sciences is too trivial to work (1.88). The most suggestions for facilitating forensic pharmacy implementation were implementing an electronic forensic pharmacy 306 (77.86\%) and raise the number of forensic pharmacist staff by 319 (81.17\%). Conclusion: The pharmacist had a positive insight of forensic pharmacy. However, various barriers are requisite to eliminate to start the implementation of forensic pharmacy services. Therefore, education and training are indispensable elements for establishing forensic pharmacy services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Forensic, Perception, Pharmacist, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.17}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Samiyah Ibrahim Qassadi and Mawadah Mohsen Aqeeli and Rehab Sultan Najmi} } @article {316, title = {Public{\textquoteright}s Perception and Attitude of Herbal Medication for Respiratory Viral Infections}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {153-159}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {153}, abstract = {

Background: The use of herbal-origin medications is overgrowing, snowballing belief in its absolute safety. However, some herbal medicines have revealed severe adverse events that may reach death. Hence, it is vital to understand the perception and attitude of patients towards using herbal medications. Objectives: This survey analysis goals to gauge patients{\textquoteright} perceptions and attitudes towards herbal medicine to manage respiratory infections. Design and Settings: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was sent to the public online, counting questions on the responders{\textquoteright} demographics and questions about different herbal medications and their use to treat viral respiratory infections. The survey also encompassed questions to evaluate patients{\textquoteright} perceptions and attitudes towards the use of herbal medicine. Data analysis was implemented through SPSS program version 26. Results: Four hundred and eighty-six responders contributed in this questionnaire. 89.92\% of the responders were from the west area, and 94.62\% had a Saudi nationality. 56.49\% were in the age group between 18 to 30 years old. 46.27\% were students, while only 23.44\% were employees. 53.69\% had an income \<3000 SR. 18.32\% were healthcare practitioners, and 53.85\% were physicians. 45.42\% of the patients did not use herbal medications over the last year. 44.01\% found herbal medicines effective and valuable, and 41.98\% of the responders described herbal medicines as operative. Patients{\textquoteright} gender (p-value=0.025) significantly affected patients{\textquoteright} perception of using herbal medications, where females showed a significantly better perception than females. The validity was tested by Mac (0.96), Cronbach (0.958), Guttmann 2 (0.961), and Guttmann 6 (0.973). Conclusion: The attitudes and perceptions of herbal medicine use among patients in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Awareness of the general public about herbal medications should be amended.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Herbal Medication, Perception, Public, Saudi Arabia., Viral Infections}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.21}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ghadeer Alhazmi and Murouj Almaghrabi and Ghaida Alzahrani and Mohammad Almatrafi} } @article {297, title = {Public{\textquoteright}s Perception of Pharmacy Services during Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {102-110}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {102}, abstract = {

Goal: To exemplify the public{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacy services during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is three cross-sectional of convenient sampling and calculated number of the subject with power eighty. It was a self-reported electronic survey for the population in the King of Saudi Arabia. It encompassed all citizens who lived in Saudi with age more than 18 years and above. The survey contained of the demographic data patient{\textquoteright}s perception of medication delivery service during COVID-19. Besides, the patient{\textquoteright}s experiences of drug information inquiries were linked with the pharmacist during COVID-19. Survey monkey, Microsoft Excel, and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) were used in this study. Results: The total number of responding pharmacists was 461. Of those, 440 (95.44\%) were Saudi, and 344 (74.62\%) were female, with statistical significance between nationality or gender answers (p\<0.001). Almost two-thirds of the responders had bachelor{\textquoteright}s degrees 319 (69.20\%) with statistically noteworthy between among all academic qualifications (p\<0.001). Most of the responders were non-healthcare professionals 338 (74.45\%), and physicians and nurses illustrative high percentages 37 (35.92\%) and 31 (30.10\%), respectively, with statistically significant among the remaining answers (p\<0.001). The total average scores of patient{\textquoteright}s perception of medication delivery service during COVID-19 were 2.50. The high scores element was answering drug information inquiries (3.30), medications home delivery (2.80), and requesting medications through a mobile application (2.78). The total average scores of patient{\textquoteright}s experiences of drug information inquiries communicated with a pharmacist during COVID-19 were 2.76 with high scores element was the drug administration inquiries (3.37). In addition, dosage/ schedule inquiries (3.29) and Pharmacoeconomics/medications cost inquiries (3.18) were also entailed. Conclusion: The public{\textquoteright}s perception of medication delivery service and experiences of drug information inquiries transferred with the pharmacist during COVID-19 was not optimum. Therefore, targeting a strategic plan of hospital and community pharmacy services during pandemic situations is highly suggested. In addition, further studies of hospital and community pharmacy services individually during a pandemic or emergency public health are mandatory in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Perception, Pharmacy, Public, Saudi Arabia, Services}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.15}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Dona Abdullah Alajmah and Shatha Alhassan Alnami} } @article {41, title = {Healthcare Professional{\textquoteright}s Perception and Attitude toward Pharmacist during Pharmacy Visit in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {21-25}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {21}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude toward pharmacist during pharmacy visit in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception toward pharmacist. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part collects demographic information and the second part has 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) the first domain captures information regarding healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} general perception of the pharmacist; (2) the second domain is regarding healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} perception of pharmaceutical care services; (3) the third domain is about healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} perception of visiting ambulatory care pharmacy; and (4) the fourth domain is regarding healthcare professionals perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. All type of healthcare professionals included in the study. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media, namely, WhatsApp to more than one thousand healthcare professionals throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed in an electronic format and this study analyzes and presents data regarding domain three, that is, healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} perception of visiting ambulatory care pharmacy through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 170 healthcare professionals responded to the survey. Of them, 150 (93.8\%) were Saudi and 10 (6.25\%) were non-Saudi professionals. There were 129 (75.9\%) female and 41 (24.1\%) male responders. Most of the healthcare providers were pharmacists (81 (47.65\%)), others (33 (19.41\%)), nurses (27 (15.88\%)) and physician (23 (13.53\%)). Most of the healthcare professional visited the pharmacy in the past 12 months (53 (31.36\%)) for more than 10 times, whereas the others 40 (23.67\%) visited at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (143 (87.2\%)) spent less than 16 min waiting for the medication from the pharmacy. The average score of healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s general perception toward a pharmacist during pharmacy visit was 3.51. The statement {\textquotedblleft}received all medications prescribed to me{\textquotedblright} received the highest score (4.05), whereas the statement {\textquotedblleft}pharmacy{\textquoteright}s waiting area is located at the convenient place{\textquotedblright} received the lowest score (3.07). The average score of healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception toward a drug monitoring pharmacist during the pharmacy visit was 2.58. The statement with the highest score was {\textquotedblleft}the patient revived a copy of prescription contained medications{\textquotedblright} (2.99), whereas the statement with the lowest score was {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist gives follow-up call to the patient as prescribed{\textquotedblright} (1.86). The score for general evaluation of pharmacy visit was (3.31) with preference to visit the pharmacy or recommend it to patient{\textquoteright}s bothers or friends was (3.26). Conclusion: The healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of a pharmacist during the pharmacy visit was good. Pharmacy{\textquoteright}s waiting area, medications reconciliation and adherences missed. Improving of healthcare providers{\textquoteright} needs will augment healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perceptions and raise healthcare provider{\textquoteright}s satisfaction during pharmacy visit.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Healthcare professional, Ministry of Health, Perception, Pharmacist, Saudi Arabia, Visit}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.5}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {214, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s General Perception and Attitude toward Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {December 2019}, pages = {242-245}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {242}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the patient{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude toward pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of patient perception of pharmacists. The survey consisted of 49 questions divided in two parts: the first part collects demographic information and the second part contains questions on 4 domains: (1) patient general perception of pharmacist, (2) patients perception of pharmaceutical care services, (3) patient perception of visiting ambulatory care, (4) patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used. The questions were open and closed-ended. The survey was distributed through social media at a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors interviewed the patients with an electronic survey documentation. The survey was in an electronic format and it analyze domain one primary or necessary information about patient medication through the survey monkey system. Results: A total of 617 patients responded to the survey. Of them, 536 (87.7\%) were Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) were non-Saudi nationals. There were 457 (74.1\%) female and 160 (25.9\%) male responders. In the past 12 months, most of the patients [222 (36\%)] visited the pharmacy more than 10 times, whereas the others [122 (19.8\%)] visited the pharmacy at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients 481 (83.5\%) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The highest score was obtained for the statements related to pharmacy job vital in our society (4.63), the pharmacist had a very significant role in preventing medication errors (4.4), the necessity of present pharmacist schools (4.09) and the pharmacist is the first person ask him about drugs (4.01). More 60\% of responders will choose the pharmacy as professional specialty or suggest the family members or friend select the pharmacy professional. The pharmacist shared in public education through the television and media (3.7) and newspaper (3.65) followed by schools (3.56) and public education exhibitors (3.48). Most of the patients visited the pharmacist to seek help in health diseases 429 (73.1\%), the pharmacist knows more about drug doses and adverse drug reaction 224 (38.16\%, followed by free consultation and 166 (28.28\%) and no need for an appointment for pharmacy visit. Also, the patient refused to utilize the pharmacy just for cosmetics 404 (67\%). Conclusion: According to our results, patient{\textquoteright}s perception during pharmacy visit was found to be acceptable. Majority of patients had a good perception of a pharmacist and his role with patients and the general public. The pharmacist should expand pharmaceutical care services overall healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Attitude Pharmacists, Patient, Perception, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.53}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {42, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s Perception of a Pharmacist{\textquoteright}s Relationship and Counseling Skills in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {26-31}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {26}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of a pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of the pharmacist. The survey consisted of two part: the first part gathers demographic information and the second part contains 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) the first domain captures data regarding the patient{\textquoteright}s general perception about the pharmacist; (2) the second domain captures data regarding the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmaceutical services; (3) the third domain was regarding the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of visiting ambulatory care; and (4) the fourth domain captures the data regarding the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media at a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, at an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors interviewed the patients with an electronic survey documentation. The survey was distributed in an electronic format. In this study, we analyzed domain four, that is, about the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills through Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 617 patients responded to the survey. Of them, 536 (87.7\%) were Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) were non-Saudi nationals. There were 457 (74.1\%) female and 160 (25.9\%) male responders. Most of the patients (222 (36\%)) visited the pharmacy more than 10 times in the past 12 months, whereas the others (122 (19.8\%)) visited the pharmacy at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (481 (83.5\%)) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The average score of patient perception of a pharmacist with communication and relationship skills was 3.66. The following statements received highest scores: {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist politely delivers the medication{\textquotedblright} (4.09) and {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist answers the questions in an excellent way{\textquotedblright} (3.87). The statement with lowest score was {\textquotedblleft}communication with pharmacy by phone at any time{\textquotedblright} (3.04) (Table 2). The average score of patient{\textquoteright}s perceptions of pharmacists with medications counseling skills was 3.6. The statement with highest score was {\textquotedblleft}all the medications received were packed{\textquotedblright} (4.35) and {\textquotedblleft}the patient understands what the pharmacist was saying{\textquotedblright} (4.1). The statement with lowest score was {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist provides you information about the proper storage of your medication{\textquotedblright} (3.04) and {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist explains all the possible side effects{\textquotedblright} (3.12). The statements with highest scores of patient relationship with drug information centers were {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist answers patient{\textquoteright}s question through drug information center{\textquoteright}s hospital over 24/7{\textquotedblright} (3.44) and {\textquotedblleft}poisonous cases first contact the national drug information center or any hospital drug information center any time through MOH hotline 937 over 24/7{\textquotedblright} (3.37). Conclusion: Patient{\textquoteright}s perception toward pharmacist{\textquoteright}s communication and counseling skills need to improve with an emphasis on patient{\textquoteright}s privacy, contacting facilities and instructions to drug-related problems. Improvement of patient demand will raise patient{\textquoteright}s perceptions and avoid the unnecessary additional cost.

}, keywords = {Counselling, Ministry of Health, Perception, Pharmacist, Relationship, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.6}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {228, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s Perception of Pharmaceutical Care Services; Challenges and Improving in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {190-193}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {190}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of Pharmaceutical care services; challenges and developments in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a 4-months cross-sectional survey of patient perception of pharmacists. The survey consisted of two-part demographic information and second part forty-nine questions divided into four domains. It included domain 1: Patient general perception of pharmacist domain 2: patients{\textquoteright} perception of pharmaceutical care services, domain 3: patient perception of visiting ambulatory care and domain 4: Patient{\textquoteright}s perception of the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling. The 5-point likert response scale system was used. The questions were open and closed-ended. The survey was distributed through social media and as a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors did the patients interview with electronic survey documentation. The survey was made an electronic format and it analyzed domain two about patient perception of pharmaceutical care services; challenges and developments in Saudi Arabia through the survey monkey system. Results: The total responders were 617 patients. Of those, 536 (87.7\%) was Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) was non-Saudi. The gender distribution 457 (74.1\%) were females and 160 (25.9\%) were males. The majority of patients visited the pharmacy in the past 12-months was 222 (36\%) more than ten times while 122 (19.8\%) attended (5-9 times). Most of the patient visited the pharmacy at evening 395 (64.6\%). Most of the patients{\textquoteright} 481 (83.5\%) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The most pharmaceutical care services provided to patients were dispensing of prescribed medication 390 (70.8\%), medication consultation 262 (47.5\%), dispensing of non-medications, supplements 233 (42.3\%) and dispensing of over the counter medications 229 (41.6\%). The high scores of the pharmaceutical care services provide to the patients were in private{\textquoteright}s hospitals (3.71) and community pharmacies (3.63). The most current experience of perception and challenges with high propriety scores were some pharmacy crowding, medication labels missed and patient privacy missed. The most future perception suggestion with high propriety and opportunity scores were published the pharmacy location through social media and implementation of adverse drug reaction reporting for patients. Conclusion: Patients{\textquoteright} perception is a crucial tool to improve pharmaceutical care. Monitor implementation of the patient medication education system with private places, monitoring of drug-related problems will support the future vision of patient perception and attitude towards the pharmacist.

}, keywords = {Challenges, Patient, Perception, Pharmaceutical Care, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.32}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {55, title = {Pharmacist{\textquoteright}s Perception of Pharmacovigilance and Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {73-78}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {73}, abstract = {

Background: Pharmacists{\textquoteright} perception toward their role in reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and their understanding of the importance of reporting ADRs are essential keys to be assessed and studied in order to determine the factors that may predispose to underreporting of ADRs in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to asses and compare the perception of community and hospital pharmacists toward reporting of ADRs in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Method: A structured, validated questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional study. A total of 263 pharmacists were enrolled. The questionnaire included the demographic data of the pharmacists and 11 questions to measure pharmacists{\textquoteright} perceptions of ADRs reporting of reporting ADRs. All statistical analysis done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and Survey Monkey system. Result: the result shows that community and hospital pharmacists strongly agree about that reporting of ADRs allow to measure the incidence of ADRs 29 (55.77\%), 121 (58.45) and to identify previously unrecognized ADRs 30 (57.69\%), 116 (56.59\%) and enable safe drugs to be identified 39 (70.91\%), 129 (62.32\%), respectively with no significant difference (p\>0.05). Besides, both hospital pharmacists 116 (55.77\%) and community pharmacists 31 (60.78\%) strongly agree about their important role in the pharmacovigilance system. However, only 67 (32.52\%) of hospital pharmacists strongly agreed about the physician{\textquoteright}s responsibility in reporting ADRs compared to community pharmacists 29 (52.73\%) with a significant difference between groups (p\<0.05). However, 37 (17.87\%) of hospital pharmacists were uncertain about drug companies{\textquoteright} role in pharmacovigilance system with a significant difference between community pharmacists with (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study demonstrated that both community and hospital pharmacists among Saudi Arabia had a very goods of perception about the importance of ADRs reporting and their role in reporting ADRs.

}, keywords = {Adverse drug reactions, Community, Hospital, Perception, Pharmacist, Pharmacovigilance, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.13}, author = {Fatima Fouad Al Doughan and Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Mais Hasan Iflaifel} } @article {26, title = {Healthcare Professional{\textquoteright}s Perception of Pharmacist{\textquoteright}s Relationship and Counseling Skills in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {7}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {11-16}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the healthcare provider{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship, communication, and counseling skills in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month crosssectional survey of the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of the pharmacist. The survey consisted of two parts: first part gathers demographic information and the second part contains 49 questions divided into four domains. (1) the first domain captures data regarding the healthcare provider{\textquoteright}s general perception about the pharmacist; (2) the second domain captures data regarding the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmaceutical services; (3) the third domain was regarding the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of visiting ambulatory care; and (4) the fourth domain captures the data regarding the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. All healthcare professionals responded to the 5-point Likert response scale system. The survey was distributed through social media to more than 1000 healthcare professionals across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Because the survey was in an electronic format, we were able to analyze and discuss the four domains with respect to the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 170 healthcare providers responded to our survey. Of all the responders, 129 (75.9\%) were females and 41 (24.1\%) were males. Most of the healthcare providers were pharmacists (81 (47.65\%)), others (33 (19.41\%)), nurses (27 (15.88\%)), and physicians (23 (13.53\%)). Most of the healthcare providers (143 (87.2\%)) spent less than 16 minutes waiting for the medication from the pharmacy. The average score of the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s communication and relationship skills was around (3.41). The highest score with respect to the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s and patient{\textquoteright}s relationship was obtained for the following statements: {\textquotedblleft}The pharmacist politely delivers the medication{\textquotedblright} (3.96) and {\textquotedblleft}The pharmacist answers questions in an excellent manner{\textquotedblright} (3.67). The average score of healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perceptions of pharmacists with medication counseling skills was around (3.42). Highest scores were obtained for the following statements: {\textquotedblleft}All the medications received were packed{\textquotedblright} (4.28) and {\textquotedblleft}The patient understands what the pharmacist was saying{\textquotedblright} (4.14). The highest score with respect to the patient{\textquoteright}s relationship with the drug information center was obtained for the statement: {\textquotedblleft}The pharmacist answers patient{\textquoteright}s questions through drug information center of the hospital over 24/7{\textquotedblright} (3.44) and {\textquotedblleft}Poisonous cases first contact the national drug information center or any other hospital drug information center any time through MOH hotline 937 service over 24/7{\textquotedblright} (3.37). Conclusion: The results of this survey revealed that healthcare professionals had an acceptable perception of the pharmacist with respect to communication and patient counseling skills. The healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s privacy, easy contact with the pharmacist, and drug-related problems information improve the p

}, keywords = {Counseling skills, Healthcare professional, Ministry of Health, Perception, Pharmacist, Relationship, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2018.7.4}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {29, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s General Perception and Attitude toward Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {7}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {31-37}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the patient{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude toward pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of patient perception of pharmacists. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part gathers demographic information and the second part has 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) the first domain captures patient{\textquoteright}s general perception of the pharmacist; (2) the second domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmaceutical care services; (3) the third domain is about patient perception of visiting ambulatory care; and (4) the fourth domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media to a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors interviewed the patients with an electronic survey documentation. The survey analyzed domain one, which is the primary or necessary general perceptions about pharmacists and the data were analyzed through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 617 patients responded to the survey. Of them, 536 (87.7\%) were Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) were non-Saudi nationals. There were 457 (74.1\%) female and 160 (25.9\%) male responders. In the past 12 months, most patients (222 (36.04 \%)) visited the pharmacy more than 10 times, followed by 122 (19.81\%)) visited the pharmacy at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (481 (83.5\%)) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The statements with highest scores were related to the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perceptions such as pharmacy job is vital in our society (4.63); the pharmacist has a very significant role in preventing medications errors (4.4); the necessity of present pharmacist schools (4.09); and the pharmacist is the first person ask about drugs (4.01). More than 60\% of the responders chose pharmacy as the professional specialty or suggest their family members or friend to select a professional pharmacy. The majority of pharmacists shared information in public education through the television and media (3.7) and newspaper (3.65) followed by schools (3.56) and public education exhibitors (3.48). Most of the patients (429 (73.1\%)) visited the pharmacist to seek help, and due to the pharmacists knew more about medication doses and their adverse effects (224 (38.16\%), and free consultation 166 (28.28\%) Conclusion: Majority of the patients had a good perception about the pharmacist and his role with patients and the public. The pharmacists should expand their services across all healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Patient, Perception, Pharmacist, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2018.7.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {30, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s Perception and Attitude of Pharmacist during Pharmacy Visits in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {7}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {38-43}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {38}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore patient{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude during pharmacy visit in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of patient perception regarding pharmacists. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part captures demographic information and the second part is a questionnaire with 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) The first domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s general perception of the pharmacist; (2) the second domain captures data of patient{\textquoteright}s perception regarding pharmaceutical care services; (3) the third domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s perception of visiting ambulatory care; and (4) the fourth domain captures information on patient{\textquoteright}s perception regarding the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media to a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors interviewed the patients with an electronic survey documentation. The survey analyzed domain three, which is about the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of visiting ambulatory care through Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 617 patients responded to the survey. Of them, 536 (87.7\%) were Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) were non-Saudi nationals. There were 457 (74.1\%) female and 160 (25.9\%) male responders. In the past 12 months, most of the patients (222 (36\%)) visited the pharmacy more than 10 times, whereas the others (122 (19.8\%)) visited the pharmacy at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (481 (83.5\%)) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The average score of patients{\textquoteright} general perception of the pharmacist during pharmacy visit was 3.74. The highest score was obtained for the statements received all medications prescribed to me (4.16) and pharmacy convenient located (4.0).4 The lowest score was obtained for the statement pharmacy waiting area convenient located (3.38). The average score of patient perception of the pharmacist with drug monitoring during the pharmacy visit was 3.74. The highest score was obtained for the statement{\textemdash}the patient revived a copy of prescription-contained medications (3.4), whereas the lowest score was obtained for the statement{\textemdash}the pharmacist gives a follow-up call to the patient as medications prescribed (2.09). The score for general evaluation of pharmacy visit was found to be 3.67 with a score of (3.55) for the preference to visit the pharmacy or recommendation to other patients or friends. Conclusion: According to our results, patient{\textquoteright}s perception during pharmacy visit was found to be acceptable. Pharmacy communication methods and counseling place missed. Corrections of patient needs will improve patient{\textquoteright}s perceptions and raise patient satisfaction during visiting of pharmacy.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Ministry of Health, Patient, Perception, Saudi Arabia, Visit}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2018.7.8}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} }