@article {283, title = {Attitude and Perception of Physicians towards Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {20-27}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {

Objectives: Spontaneous reporting systems are indispensable as they aid perceive serious unknown adverse drug reaction (ADR). To assess the physician{\textquoteright}s perceptions and attitudes of adverse drug reaction reporting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with an authenticated survey distributed to different physicians and dentists in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered electronic survey involved of demographic data and perception of the ADR reporting system and factor facilitated or prevented reporting system. Results: The total number of participants was 151. Of those, 111 (73.5\%) were physicians, while dentists were 39 (26.5\%). The average score physician{\textquoteright}s perception about the prominence of the ADR reporting system was 4.46, with a statistically noteworthy difference within answers of each component (p\<0.05). The average score of the physician{\textquoteright}s perception of factors that enabled the ADR reporting system was 4.13 with a statistically momentous difference within answers of each component (p\<0.05). The average scores of perception physicians were 3.13, with a statistically significant difference between the responses of each facet (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The physicians{\textquoteright} perception of ADR and related issues was optimistic. The physicians request periodic training of ADR identification and reporting program. The pharmacist plays a perilous responsibility to improve the ADR system with healthcare providers.

}, keywords = {Adverse drug reaction, Attitude, Perception, Physician, Reporting, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.4}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Nouf Hassan Alamoudi and Sabah Alanazi and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi} } @article {292, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Nuclear Pharmacy Services in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {80-88}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {80}, abstract = {

Goal: In this study, we aimed to explore the nuclear pharmacy perception in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional study including all pharmacists and pharmacy interns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Students were excluded from this study. We distributed the electronic survey to the participants which consisted of two parts. The first part collected demographic information, and the second part collected information of perception of pharmacists about nuclear pharmacy services and reasons preventing nuclear pharmacy services. The responses were obtained through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed via Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software. Results: A total of 235 pharmacists responded to this survey. Of them, 142 (63.96\%) were male and 80 (36.04\%) were female responders, with statistically significant differences between them (p\<0.001). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24{\textendash}30 years (115 (48.94\%)) followed by those in the age group of 31{\textendash}35 years (57 (24.26\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p\<0.001). About two-thirds of the pharmacists had obtained Bachelor{\textquoteright}s degree (149 (63.40\%)) and Diploma in Pharmacy (75 (31.91\%)), with statistically significant differences between the degrees (p\<0.001). The total average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}pharmacist perception of nuclear pharmacy services{\textquotedblright} was 3.54. We obtained high scores for the element {\textquotedblleft}nuclear pharmacy required to complete the drug therapy for cancer patients{\textquotedblright} (3.77) followed by the element {\textquotedblleft}nuclear pharmacy should be mandatory{\textquotedblright} (3.75). The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}under-working in nuclear pharmacy in the healthcare institutions{\textquotedblright} (3.74). The total average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}barriers prevent the implementation of nuclear pharmacy services{\textquotedblright} was 3.54 with high score obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}lack of periodic training of pharmacy staff about nuclear pharmacy{\textquotedblright} (3.81). The most recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of nuclear pharmacy was implemented nuclear pharmacy residency program (170 (72.65\%)). Moreover, set up the therapeutic protocol or guidelines for nuclear pharmacy (147 (62.82\%)). Conclusion: The perception of pharmacists about nuclear pharmacy services was acceptable. The nuclear pharmacy system demands workforces, nuclear management guidelines, and implementation of nuclear pharmacy residency program. We highly recommend to resolve all nuclear pharmacy challenges in order to improve healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Nuclear, Perception, Pharmacist, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ali Taer Al-Asmri and Mohammed Abdulaziz Ayoub Asiri and Abdulaziz Saleh Alnabbah} } @article {316, title = {Public{\textquoteright}s Perception and Attitude of Herbal Medication for Respiratory Viral Infections}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {153-159}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {153}, abstract = {

Background: The use of herbal-origin medications is overgrowing, snowballing belief in its absolute safety. However, some herbal medicines have revealed severe adverse events that may reach death. Hence, it is vital to understand the perception and attitude of patients towards using herbal medications. Objectives: This survey analysis goals to gauge patients{\textquoteright} perceptions and attitudes towards herbal medicine to manage respiratory infections. Design and Settings: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was sent to the public online, counting questions on the responders{\textquoteright} demographics and questions about different herbal medications and their use to treat viral respiratory infections. The survey also encompassed questions to evaluate patients{\textquoteright} perceptions and attitudes towards the use of herbal medicine. Data analysis was implemented through SPSS program version 26. Results: Four hundred and eighty-six responders contributed in this questionnaire. 89.92\% of the responders were from the west area, and 94.62\% had a Saudi nationality. 56.49\% were in the age group between 18 to 30 years old. 46.27\% were students, while only 23.44\% were employees. 53.69\% had an income \<3000 SR. 18.32\% were healthcare practitioners, and 53.85\% were physicians. 45.42\% of the patients did not use herbal medications over the last year. 44.01\% found herbal medicines effective and valuable, and 41.98\% of the responders described herbal medicines as operative. Patients{\textquoteright} gender (p-value=0.025) significantly affected patients{\textquoteright} perception of using herbal medications, where females showed a significantly better perception than females. The validity was tested by Mac (0.96), Cronbach (0.958), Guttmann 2 (0.961), and Guttmann 6 (0.973). Conclusion: The attitudes and perceptions of herbal medicine use among patients in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Awareness of the general public about herbal medications should be amended.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Herbal Medication, Perception, Public, Saudi Arabia., Viral Infections}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.21}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ghadeer Alhazmi and Murouj Almaghrabi and Ghaida Alzahrani and Mohammad Almatrafi} } @article {41, title = {Healthcare Professional{\textquoteright}s Perception and Attitude toward Pharmacist during Pharmacy Visit in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {21-25}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {21}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude toward pharmacist during pharmacy visit in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of the healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception toward pharmacist. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part collects demographic information and the second part has 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) the first domain captures information regarding healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} general perception of the pharmacist; (2) the second domain is regarding healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} perception of pharmaceutical care services; (3) the third domain is about healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} perception of visiting ambulatory care pharmacy; and (4) the fourth domain is regarding healthcare professionals perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. All type of healthcare professionals included in the study. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media, namely, WhatsApp to more than one thousand healthcare professionals throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed in an electronic format and this study analyzes and presents data regarding domain three, that is, healthcare professionals{\textquoteright} perception of visiting ambulatory care pharmacy through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 170 healthcare professionals responded to the survey. Of them, 150 (93.8\%) were Saudi and 10 (6.25\%) were non-Saudi professionals. There were 129 (75.9\%) female and 41 (24.1\%) male responders. Most of the healthcare providers were pharmacists (81 (47.65\%)), others (33 (19.41\%)), nurses (27 (15.88\%)) and physician (23 (13.53\%)). Most of the healthcare professional visited the pharmacy in the past 12 months (53 (31.36\%)) for more than 10 times, whereas the others 40 (23.67\%) visited at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (143 (87.2\%)) spent less than 16 min waiting for the medication from the pharmacy. The average score of healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s general perception toward a pharmacist during pharmacy visit was 3.51. The statement {\textquotedblleft}received all medications prescribed to me{\textquotedblright} received the highest score (4.05), whereas the statement {\textquotedblleft}pharmacy{\textquoteright}s waiting area is located at the convenient place{\textquotedblright} received the lowest score (3.07). The average score of healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception toward a drug monitoring pharmacist during the pharmacy visit was 2.58. The statement with the highest score was {\textquotedblleft}the patient revived a copy of prescription contained medications{\textquotedblright} (2.99), whereas the statement with the lowest score was {\textquotedblleft}the pharmacist gives follow-up call to the patient as prescribed{\textquotedblright} (1.86). The score for general evaluation of pharmacy visit was (3.31) with preference to visit the pharmacy or recommend it to patient{\textquoteright}s bothers or friends was (3.26). Conclusion: The healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perception of a pharmacist during the pharmacy visit was good. Pharmacy{\textquoteright}s waiting area, medications reconciliation and adherences missed. Improving of healthcare providers{\textquoteright} needs will augment healthcare professional{\textquoteright}s perceptions and raise healthcare provider{\textquoteright}s satisfaction during pharmacy visit.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Healthcare professional, Ministry of Health, Perception, Pharmacist, Saudi Arabia, Visit}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2019.8.5}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {29, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s General Perception and Attitude toward Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {7}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {31-37}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore the patient{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude toward pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of patient perception of pharmacists. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part gathers demographic information and the second part has 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) the first domain captures patient{\textquoteright}s general perception of the pharmacist; (2) the second domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmaceutical care services; (3) the third domain is about patient perception of visiting ambulatory care; and (4) the fourth domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s perception of pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media to a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors interviewed the patients with an electronic survey documentation. The survey analyzed domain one, which is the primary or necessary general perceptions about pharmacists and the data were analyzed through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 617 patients responded to the survey. Of them, 536 (87.7\%) were Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) were non-Saudi nationals. There were 457 (74.1\%) female and 160 (25.9\%) male responders. In the past 12 months, most patients (222 (36.04 \%)) visited the pharmacy more than 10 times, followed by 122 (19.81\%)) visited the pharmacy at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (481 (83.5\%)) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The statements with highest scores were related to the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perceptions such as pharmacy job is vital in our society (4.63); the pharmacist has a very significant role in preventing medications errors (4.4); the necessity of present pharmacist schools (4.09); and the pharmacist is the first person ask about drugs (4.01). More than 60\% of the responders chose pharmacy as the professional specialty or suggest their family members or friend to select a professional pharmacy. The majority of pharmacists shared information in public education through the television and media (3.7) and newspaper (3.65) followed by schools (3.56) and public education exhibitors (3.48). Most of the patients (429 (73.1\%)) visited the pharmacist to seek help, and due to the pharmacists knew more about medication doses and their adverse effects (224 (38.16\%), and free consultation 166 (28.28\%) Conclusion: Majority of the patients had a good perception about the pharmacist and his role with patients and the public. The pharmacists should expand their services across all healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Patient, Perception, Pharmacist, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2018.7.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} } @article {30, title = {Patient{\textquoteright}s Perception and Attitude of Pharmacist during Pharmacy Visits in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {7}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {38-43}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {38}, abstract = {

Purpose: To explore patient{\textquoteright}s perception and attitude during pharmacy visit in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey of patient perception regarding pharmacists. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part captures demographic information and the second part is a questionnaire with 49 questions divided into four domains: (1) The first domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s general perception of the pharmacist; (2) the second domain captures data of patient{\textquoteright}s perception regarding pharmaceutical care services; (3) the third domain is regarding patient{\textquoteright}s perception of visiting ambulatory care; and (4) the fourth domain captures information on patient{\textquoteright}s perception regarding the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s relationship and counseling skills. We used the 5-point Likert response scale system to obtain responses of the participants. There were open- and close-ended questions. The survey was distributed through social media to a 500-bed general hospital in Alhassa region, an ambulatory care pharmacy. The authors interviewed the patients with an electronic survey documentation. The survey analyzed domain three, which is about the patient{\textquoteright}s perception of visiting ambulatory care through Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 617 patients responded to the survey. Of them, 536 (87.7\%) were Saudi and 75 (12.3\%) were non-Saudi nationals. There were 457 (74.1\%) female and 160 (25.9\%) male responders. In the past 12 months, most of the patients (222 (36\%)) visited the pharmacy more than 10 times, whereas the others (122 (19.8\%)) visited the pharmacy at least 5{\textendash}9 times. Most of the patients (481 (83.5\%)) spent less than 11 min with the pharmacist. The average score of patients{\textquoteright} general perception of the pharmacist during pharmacy visit was 3.74. The highest score was obtained for the statements received all medications prescribed to me (4.16) and pharmacy convenient located (4.0).4 The lowest score was obtained for the statement pharmacy waiting area convenient located (3.38). The average score of patient perception of the pharmacist with drug monitoring during the pharmacy visit was 3.74. The highest score was obtained for the statement{\textemdash}the patient revived a copy of prescription-contained medications (3.4), whereas the lowest score was obtained for the statement{\textemdash}the pharmacist gives a follow-up call to the patient as medications prescribed (2.09). The score for general evaluation of pharmacy visit was found to be 3.67 with a score of (3.55) for the preference to visit the pharmacy or recommendation to other patients or friends. Conclusion: According to our results, patient{\textquoteright}s perception during pharmacy visit was found to be acceptable. Pharmacy communication methods and counseling place missed. Corrections of patient needs will improve patient{\textquoteright}s perceptions and raise patient satisfaction during visiting of pharmacy.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Ministry of Health, Patient, Perception, Saudi Arabia, Visit}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2018.7.8}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Sarah Abdullah Al-Hathlool and Maryam Ibrahim Almulhim and Amal Ali Alashaq and Yousef Aboshalaf and Mytham Al-Ethan} }