@article {336, title = {Knowledge of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Medications in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {82-91}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

Objectives: To illustrate the knowledge of pharmacists about CPR medications services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed pharmacist{\textquoteright}s knowledge of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) drugs, assessment of primary and advanced knowledge, and the resources used for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were carried out with the study. The data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16 were implemented. Results: A total number of 439 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than onethird responded from the Central region (122 (31.69\%)), one Quarter responded from the Eastern region (91 (23.64\%)), and one-fifth responded from the southern part (79 (20.52\%)). Males responded more than females (203 (53.14\%)) versus 179 (46.86\%)), with statistically non-significant differences between all levels (p=0.219). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (152 (39.48\%)) and 46-55 years (134 (34.81\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of pharmacists had training courses in Basic Life Support (BLS) (293 ((77.11\%)), Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (289 ((76.05\%)), Pediatric Cardiac Life Support (PCLS) (287((75.53\%)), and Neonatal Cardiac Life Support (NCLS) (203 ((53.42\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of basic knowledge of pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications was (1.67). The element {\textquotedblleft}know how to prepare and dispense ACLS medications list{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (2.04). The aspect {\textquotedblleft}there is an official standardized NCLS medications list{\textquotedblright} (1.94), and The element {\textquotedblleft}there is an official standardized PCLS medications list{\textquotedblright} (1.93). The average score of advanced knowledge of pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications was (1.86). The element {\textquotedblleft}know the compatibility of ACLS medications{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (2.31). The aspect {\textquotedblleft}know the drug - interactions with NCLS medications{\textquotedblright} (2.27), and The element {\textquotedblleft}know the drug - interactions with PCLS medications{\textquotedblright} (2.17). The resources used most about the CPR medications were Medical association literature/guidelines/recommendations 307 (76.56\%), Peer discussions 298 (74.31\%), and Scientific literature 293 (73.07\%). Conclusion: The pharmacists{\textquoteright} knowledge of CPR medication was inappropriate. Therefore, undergraduate education and training of CPR medication is high recommended. Besides, involvement training for postgraduate studies is required to improve pharmacy staff knowledge of CPR services and patient outcomes in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Knowledge, Medications, Pharmacists}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.15}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Rola AL Kenani and Samah Mukhlef Alzaid and Wafa Hussain Alshehre and Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani} } @article {339, title = {Perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Pharmacy Services in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {112-121}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {112}, abstract = {

Objectives: To demonstrate the Pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perception of CPR pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed the perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pharmacy service in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists, The Perception of pharmacists about a CPR pharmacy service, and barriers, which factors may affecting implementing a CPR pharmacy service. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were carried out with the study. The data analysis of the perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pharmacy service is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16 were implemented. Results: A total number of 439 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than onethird responded from the Central region (122 (31.69\%)), one Quarter responded from the Eastern part (91 (23.64\%)), and one-fifth responded from the southern region (79 (20.52\%)). Males responded more than females (203 (53.14\%)) versus 179 (46.86\%)), with statistically non-significant differences between all levels (p=0.219). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (152 (39.48\%)) and 46-55 years (134 (34.81\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of pharmacists had training courses in Basic Life Support (BLS) (293 ((77.11\%)), Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (289 ((76.05\%)), Pediatric Cardiac Life Support (PCLS) (287((75.53\%)), and Neonatal Cardiac Life Support (NCLS) (203 ((53.42\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about the CPR pharmacy service was (4.32). The element {\textquotedblleft}Pharmacist participation in CPR code led to positive changes{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (4.50). The pharmacists believe that The hospital promotes itself as an organization that pharmacist responds to CPR codes and other emergency-related issues (4.50). The average score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Factors affected to prevent you to shares in the CPR codes{\textquotedblright} was (3.95). The highest score for the component {\textquotedblleft}Competency/ Clinical knowledge{\textquotedblright} was (3.38). The score for the element {\textquotedblleft}Shortage of pharmacy staff{\textquotedblright} was (4.41), and level of clinical knowledge makes it difficult to decide whether or not the Pharmacist participates in the CPR team {\textquotedblleft}was (4.39). Followed the element {\textquotedblleft}Uncertain association between the CPR medications and occurrences of Medication Errors (MEs) during CPR code{\textquotedblright} was (4.34), and the element {\textquotedblleft}Fear of legal liability{\textquotedblright} was (4.34). Conclusion: The pharmacist{\textquoteright}s perception of CPR code services is appropriate. Eliminating obstacles to CPR services implementation during undergraduate and postgraduate studies is required. The pharmacist{\textquoteright}s role needs to clarify, and periodic education and training are highly critical in pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Perception, Pharmacists, Pharmacy Services.}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.18}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Wafa Hussain Alshehre and Rola AL Kenani and Samah Mukhlef Alzaid and Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani} } @article {342, title = {Practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Services by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {132-140}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {132}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the pharmacist practice of CPR services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed the Pharmacist practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists, The availabilities of CPR teams, and pharmacist participation in the teams. The hospital{\textquoteright}s specialties had pharmacy personnel participate with the CPR code. Besides activities the pharmacist provides during CPR code, medications are mainly used for CPR code and pharmacy CPR services implementations. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 were carried out with the study. The data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16 were implemented. Results: A total number of 439 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (122 (31.69\%)), one Quarter responded from the Eastern part (91 (23.64\%)), and one-fifth responded from the southern region (79 (20.52\%)). Males responded more than females (203 (53.14\%)) versus 179 (46.86\%)), with statistically non-significant differences between all levels (p=0.219). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (152 (39.48\%)) and 46-55 years (134 (34.81\%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of pharmacists had training courses in Basic Life Support (BLS) (293 ((77.11\%)), Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (289 ((76.05\%)), Pediatric Cardiac Life Support (PCLS) (287((75.53\%)), and Neonatal Cardiac Life Support (NCLS) (203 ((53.42\%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most pharmacists participated with CPR code with Adults CPR team 317 (81.07\%), Neonates CPR team 236 (59.75\%), and Pediatric CPR team 230 (58.08\%). Most hospital specialties had pharmacy personnel and participated with CPR code: Emergency 339 (86.26\%) and Medical (76.59\%). The activities provided during the CPR code by pharmacists mostly were the Administration of medications 314 (71.69\%), Preparation and dispensing of medications 278 (63.47\%), and Providing drug information 267 (60.96\%). During ACLS, the most used medicines were Amiodarone 326 (77.99\%), Dobutamine 323 (74.94\%), and Procainamide 304 (74.33\%). The average score of implemented items for CPR services was (4.09). The {\textquotedblleft}Mission of CPR{\textquotedblright} element obtained the highest score (4.23). The aspect {\textquotedblleft}The vision of CPR including the (ACLS-PCLS-NCLS){\textquotedblright} was (4.18). In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for the element {\textquotedblleft}Policy and procedure of CPR{\textquotedblright} (3.94). The score for the component {\textquotedblleft}The strategic plan of CPR{\textquotedblright} was (4.02), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p\<0.009). Conclusion: The pharmacist{\textquoteright}s full practice in CPR services is insufficient at most healthcare organizations. Pharmacist participation in the CPR code with whole provides distributive and clinical services that are highly demanded to prevent drug misadventures and improve patient clinical outcomes in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Pharmacists, Practice, Saudi Arabia, Services}, doi = {10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.20}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Samah Mukhlef Alzaid and Wafa Hussain Alshehre and Rola AL Kenani and Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani} }